In the mid-16th century, the frigid waters of the Strait of Belle Isle, off the coast of Labrador, became the center of a thriving and perilous industry. Drawn by the abundance of right and bowhead whales, whalers from the Basque region of Spain and France embarked on a daring venture that would leave a lasting mark on the history of North America.
Over 450 years ago, Basque whalers established a major whaling port at Red Bay, a remote and rugged harbor that would become one of the most important whaling stations in the world. For nearly 70 years, these whalers braved the dangerous, month-long journey across the Atlantic, driven by the demand for whale oil, which was a highly prized commodity in Europe.
The oil extracted from the whales they hunted was essential for lighting the lamps that illuminated European homes and streets during this period.
Today, Red Bay stands as a testament to the courage and skill of these early mariners. The remnants of their whaling operations, including the well-preserved wrecks of whaling ships, have been uncovered by archaeologists, offering a glimpse into a way of life that was both dangerous and essential to the economy of the time.
In 2013, Red Bay was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site, recognizing its significance as a historic and cultural landmark.
Visitors to Red Bay can explore this fascinating chapter of history through the Red Bay National Historic Site. Here, you can learn about the Basque whalers’ lives, their perilous journeys, and the impact of their industry on both Europe and North America. The site includes exhibits, reconstructed whaling stations, and even a chance to see the preserved remains of a Basque whaling vessel.
